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Jibaat #1

Dachee Qabeenya Uumamaan Badhaate

Godina Shawaa Lixaa

Bosona Jibaat

Godinni Shawaa Lixaa qabeenya uumamaa fi iddoowwan seenaa qabeessa hedduun kan badhaatedha. Qabeenyi godinichaa aanaalee itti argamu keessaa aanaan Jibaat isa tokko.

Aanaan Jibaat bakkeewwaan hawwata turizimiitiif oolaan uumaman badhaadhaan hedduu qabdu keessaa: kanneen akka ardaa jilaalee, dhagaa Tuullaa katar, Fincaawwaan akka fincaa'aa Gaattiraa, Faalleefi Leemman, Bosonoota gurguddoo Akka Bosona Jibaatiifi Asaasaa, Laaftoo Libaniifi kanneen biroon hedduudha. Isaan kanneen keessaa har'aaf waa'ee Bosona #Jibat hamma tokko jabaa isiniin jenna.

Bosonni Jibaat Godina Shawaa Lixaa Aanaa Jibaat Magaalaa Shanan irraa km 8 fagaatee kan argamudha. Bosonni jibaat lafa iskuweer kiilomeetirii 12,000 ol uffisee kan argamuufi gosoota biqiloota garaagaraa 66 ol of keessaa qabaachuu isaa odeeffanneerra.

Kana malees bosonni kun akka madda tuuriziimiitti taajajila kennuun cinaatti bakka jireenya bineensoota gurguddoofi kanneen lafarra lohaan mukeenirra jiraatanfi kanneen biroollee ta'ee tajaajila jira.

Akkasumas yeroo dhiyoo asitti cinaa bosonichaatti dargaggoonniifi hawaasni muraasni gaagura aadaafi ammayyaa hidhuun damma irraa oomishamaa jiraachuus ibsameera.

Bosonni jibaat hedduu bal'aafi faayidaa hedduus akka qabu ibsmeen bosonni jibaat Roobaa gahaa naannoo sanaafi akka biyyaatti uumuun cinatti madda bishaan dhugaatii qulqulluu hawaasni jibaatiifi naannooshe hedduun irraa fayyadamaniiti.

Bosonni Jibaat Godina Shawaa Lixaa keessatti kan argamu aanaalee godina Shawaa Lixaa afur Daannoo, Noonnoo, Jibaat fi Liiban Jaawwii keessatti kan argamuudha.

Kana malees Bosonni Jibaat Bishaan hedduu qulqulluufi dhandhama gaarii of keessa qabuus waan keessaa burquuf Qaamni Bishaan jibaatirratti investimeentiin hojjeechuun ofiifi hawaasaa fayyaduuf fedhii qabu yoo dhufe haala gaariin kan simatamu ta'uu ibsameera.

Madda: Kominikeeshinii Godina Shawaa Lixaa (https://www.facebook.com/share/p/J4r9CfkcEcJJFrb2/)

Steve Jobs

Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. Adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs, he grew up in Silicon Valley, a region that would later become synonymous with technological innovation. From a young age, Jobs exhibited a fascination with electronics and an entrepreneurial spirit.

In 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon, but dropped out after just one semester. Despite this, he continued to audit classes, including a calligraphy course that would later influence the design of Apple’s typography.

Jobs’ professional journey began when he co-founded Apple Computer, Inc. with Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in 1976. Their first product, the Apple I, was a modest success, but it was the Apple II that revolutionized the personal computing industry, making computers accessible to the general public.

In 1984, Apple launched the Macintosh, the first mass-market personal computer featuring a graphical user interface. However, internal conflicts led to Jobs' resignation from Apple in 1985. Undeterred, he founded NeXT Inc., a company focused on creating high-end computers for business and educational markets. While NeXT's hardware was not commercially successful, its software laid the foundation for future innovations.

Simultaneously, Jobs acquired a small graphics division from Lucasfilm, which he transformed into Pixar Animation Studios. Pixar's success with "Toy Story" in 1995 cemented its reputation as a leader in animated films and highlighted Jobs' knack for recognizing and fostering creative talent.

In 1997, Apple, struggling to stay afloat, acquired NeXT, bringing Jobs back into the fold. His return marked the beginning of a new era of innovation. As CEO, Jobs spearheaded the development of iconic products such as the iMac, iPod, iPhone, and iPad, each revolutionizing its respective market and transforming Apple into one of the world’s most valuable companies.

Jobs’ approach to product design was marked by an insistence on simplicity, elegance, and a seamless user experience. He believed in creating products that not only worked well but also looked and felt beautiful. His ability to foresee market needs and his relentless pursuit of perfection became hallmarks of his leadership style.

Despite battling pancreatic cancer, Jobs continued to drive Apple forward until his resignation in August 2011. He passed away on October 5, 2011, leaving behind a legacy of innovation and design that continues to influence the tech industry and beyond.

Steve Jobs’ story is one of visionary genius and relentless pursuit of excellence. His contributions to technology and design have left an indelible mark on the world, inspiring countless individuals to think differently and push the boundaries of what is possible.

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Photo: Wikipedia

Citations:

1. Isaacson, Walter. Steve Jobs. Simon & Schuster, 2011.

   - This biography provides an in-depth look at Steve Jobs’ life, including his personal and professional journey.

2. Young, Jeffrey S., and William L. Simon. iCon: Steve Jobs, The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business. John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

   - This book explores the rise, fall, and resurgence of Steve Jobs, focusing on his time at Apple and NeXT.

3. Kahney, Leander. Jony Ive: The Genius Behind Apple's Greatest Products*. Penguin Books, 2013.

   - This book delves into the collaboration between Steve Jobs and Jony Ive, Apple’s chief designer, highlighting their joint influence on Apple’s product design.

4. Sculley, John, and John A. Byrne. Odyssey: Pepsi to Apple: A Journey of Adventure, Ideas, and the Future. Harper & Row, 1987.

   - This memoir by former Apple CEO John Sculley provides insights into Apple’s corporate culture and the dynamics between Sculley and Jobs during the 1980s.

5. Catmull, Ed, and Amy Wallace. *Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces That Stand in the Way of True Inspiration*. Random House, 2014.

   - Written by the co-founder of Pixar, this book offers a perspective on Steve Jobs’ role in Pixar’s success and his influence on fostering creativity and innovation.

These sources provide comprehensive details on Steve Jobs' life, his role at Apple and Pixar, and his lasting impact on technology and design.

Che Guevara

Ernesto Che Guevara was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure in the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia within popular culture. Here's a brief outline of his life that can serve as a short story:

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The Revolutionary Journey of Che Guevara

Ernesto "Che" Guevara was born on June 14, 1928, in Rosario, Argentina. From an early age, he exhibited a keen sense of adventure and an insatiable curiosity about the world. This restless spirit would shape his destiny in ways that would leave an indelible mark on history.

As a young medical student, Ernesto embarked on a journey across Latin America with his friend, Alberto Granado. Riding a rickety motorcycle, they traversed through countries marked by poverty and oppression. The dire conditions he witnessed in Chile, Peru, and Colombia awakened a deep sense of empathy and injustice within him. These experiences were meticulously chronicled in his travel diary, later published as "The Motorcycle Diaries."

Che's travels culminated in a transformative stay at a leper colony in Peru. It was there that he saw firsthand the stark disparities in health and quality of life, solidifying his belief in the necessity of systemic change. This journey forged in him a commitment to fight for the oppressed, a commitment that would define the rest of his life.

In 1954, Che moved to Mexico City, where he met Fidel and Raúl Castro. The charismatic Cuban revolutionaries were planning an armed insurrection against the U.S.-backed Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. Che, inspired by their cause, joined the movement. His medical expertise and unwavering dedication quickly earned him a prominent role within the guerrilla forces.

Che played a pivotal role in the Cuban Revolution, leading guerrilla troops in battles that ultimately culminated in Batista's overthrow in 1959. His contributions to the revolution were immortalized in his writings and speeches, which articulated his vision for a socialist society. As a leader in the new Cuban government, Che implemented agrarian reforms and industrialization plans, aiming to transform the country's economy and eradicate social inequalities.

However, Che's revolutionary zeal extended beyond Cuba. He believed that the liberation of Latin America required a continent-wide struggle against imperialism and capitalist exploitation. In 1965, leaving behind a secure position in Cuba, he ventured into the Congo and later Bolivia, hoping to ignite similar revolutionary fervor.

In Bolivia, Che faced insurmountable challenges. The terrain was harsh, the local support insufficient, and the Bolivian military, backed by the CIA, relentless. On October 8, 1967, Che was captured by Bolivian forces. The next day, he was executed, his life cut short at the age of 39.

Yet, Che Guevara's legacy endured. His image, with the iconic beret and resolute gaze, became a symbol of resistance and idealism worldwide. His writings and actions continued to inspire revolutionary movements and social justice advocates long after his death. Che Guevara remains a controversial and complex figure, revered by some as a heroic liberator and criticized by others as a militant ideologue.

In the end, Che Guevara's story is one of unyielding commitment to his principles, a testament to the power of idealism in the face of overwhelming adversity. His revolutionary journey, fueled by a deep sense of justice and a vision for a better world, left an indelible mark on the 20th century and beyond.

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This narrative captures the essence of Che Guevara's life, highlighting his transformation from a young medical student to a symbol of revolutionary struggle.

Photo: Wikipedia

Source:

1. Gara, Ernesto. *The Motorcycle Diaries: Notes on a Latin American Journey*. Ocean Press, 2003.

   - This primary source details Che Guevara's journey across Latin America and his awakening to the social injustices present in the region.

2. Anderson, Jon Lee. *Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life*. Grove Press, 1997.

   - This biography offers an in-depth look at Che Guevara's life, including his role in the Cuban Revolution and his activities in the Congo and Bolivia.

3. Castro, Fidel. *My Life: A Spoken Autobiography*. Scribner, 2008.

   - In this autobiography, Fidel Castro provides personal insights into Che Guevara's contributions to the Cuban Revolution and their shared revolutionary goals.

4. Taibo, Paco Ignacio II. *Ernesto Guevara, también conocido como el Che*. Planeta, 1996.

   - This book provides a comprehensive account of Che Guevara's life, exploring his ideological development and revolutionary activities.

5.Soderlund, Walter C. Mass Media and Foreign Policy: Post-Cold War Crises in the Caribbean*. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003.

   - This book examines the impact of Che Guevara's image and ideology on global revolutionary movements and media portrayal.

6. Kalfon, Pierre. Che: Ernesto Guevara, a Mythical Revolutionary*. Duke University Press, 1997.

   - Pierre Kalfon's work provides a detailed analysis of Che Guevara's life and the mythos that surrounds him.

Sirna Gadaa

Sirna Gadaa

Sirna Gadaa sirna ittiin bulmaata Oromoo ti. Gadaan jaarmiyaa umurii fi dhalootan ijaarame yoo ta'u, sirna bulchiinsaa diimokiraatawaadha. Gadaan sirna ittiin siyaasni, dinagdeenii fi hawaasummaan uummata Oromoo ittiin murteeffamu, kan miseensi sabichaa mirgaa fi dirqama isaa beekee ittiin walii galuu fi tokkummaan ittiin waliin jiraatudha. Sirni Gadaa diimookraatawaa ta’uu isaa beektoonni seenaafi saayinsii hawaasaa hedduun mirkaneessanii jiru. Keessumattu sirni kun uummata Oromoo Gujii fi Booranaa biratti hanga ammaatti osoo hin jeeqamin jeebantummaa isaa eegatee hanga har'aatti ittin bulaa jira.

Sadarkaa Gadaa

Akkaataa waggaa dhalootaatiin gurmuu ykn murni ilmaan kormaa tartiibaan keessa dabran sadarkaa Gadaa jedhama. Sadarkaan Gadaa tokko waggaa saddeet qaba. Waggaa saddeet saddeettan kanaan namni Oromoo hamma gaafa dulloomee du'utti hawaasa keessatti bakkaafi qoodama dalagaa qabaata. Sadarkaaleen Gadaa ilmaan kormaa keessa dabran bakka gariitti amala addaa yoo qabaatanillee waliigalatti akka armaa gadiitti keenya.

Dabballooma (waggaa 0-8)

Gaammoma (waggaa 9- 16)

Dargaggooma (waggaa 17- 24)

Qondaala/Kuusaa Waggaa(25-32)

Raaboma (waggaa 33 - 40)

Gadooma (waggaa 41- 48)

Yuuboma (wagga 49-56)

Gogeessa Gadaa

Gadaan gogeessa (garee) shan kan qabu yoo ta'u isaanis shanan Gadaa Oromoo jedhamu. Gareewwan kun ganna sadeet sadeetiin aangoo wal harkaa fuudhu. Shanan Gadaa Oromoo kun bakka adda addaatti maqaa adda addaatiin beekkamuu (gabatee ilaali).

Boorana	Macca-Tuulama	Arsii	Gujii	Ituu-Humbannaa
Adii Doyyoo/ Harmufaa	Birmajii	Birmajii	Harmufa	Horata
Gobbaa Bulee/ Roobalee	Michilee / Muudana	Roobalee	Roobalee	Dibbaaqa
Mandhaa Galmaa/ Birmajii	Duuloo / Halchiisa	Bahara	Muudana	Dibbeessa
Areroo Gedoo/ Muldhata	Meelbaa / Hambissaa	Horata	Halchiisa	Fadata
Agaa Adii/ Duuloo	Roobalee	Bultuma	Dhalana	Daraara

Ilmi Oromoo kamiyyuu, guyyaa itti dhalatee eegalee gogeessa shanan Gadaa keessaa tokko keessatti haammatama. Duraan dursee kan inni hammatamu, shanan Gadaa keessaa miseensa isa gaafa inni dhalatu aangoorra jirutini, kunis gogeessa abbaa isaa keessati jechuudha.

Wabii: Sirna Gadaa - Wikipedia

Suura: gadaa.jpg (960×490) (fanabc.com)

OROMOO MACCAA

OROMOO MACCAA (#2)

Oromoon Maccaa heddumminaan Dhiha Oromiyaa naannawa Shawaa Lixaa fi kibba Lixaa,Jimma,Buunnoo fi Iluubbaaboori!

Seenaa

Oromoon Maccaa naannoo kana kan qubate jaarraa 16ffaa walakkeessa lammaffaa keessa yeroo Oromoon gara kibba Mormoritti babaallachaa tureti. Mootummaan duraan naannoo san ture Impaayera Itoophiyaa fi Sulxaana Adaal bulchinsa Ahimad Giraanyi jalaltti waraana geeggeeffamen kan dadhabe yoo ta'u waraana fi buttaa garbaa kan abbootin waranaa warra Kiristaanaa geggeessaa turaniin ummannii duraan naannoo sana ture bayyee xiqqeesseti ture.   

Qubsumni Maccii naannoo amma jiraataniitti godhe kun garee guguddaan odoo hin taane garee xixiqqoon kan godhame ture, maqaan gosoota Maccaa ammallee akka maqaa iddoowwaniitti bakka baayyeetti tajaajilaa jira. Ummanni afaan Omootiikii fi Naayiloo-Sahaara dubbatu kan duraan naannoo sana ture jalqaba gabaro (gabbara) yoo godhaman dhawaata garuu gosa Maccaatti makamanii Oromoo ta'an.      

Oromoon Maccaa Oromoo Tuulamaa wajjin sirna Gadaa tokko kan qabu yoo ta'u caffeen isaan kibba Finfinnee harraa kana ture. Jaarraa 16ffaa gara dhumaa keessa, Oromoon Maccaa sirna Gadaa mataa isaa kan dhaabbate yoo ta'u Caffeen isaas Odaa Bilii /Tute Bisil ture; kunis yaa'aa olii Gibee keessatti argama. Makkoo Bilii gadaa Maccaa kana waame. Addaan bayiinsa kanaaf Maccaa fi Tuulamni walii walii isaanii itti gaafatamaa godhu. 

Bara 1963tti, Waldaan Wal-gargaarsa Maccaa fi Tuulamaa irra caalaa Oromootan yoo dhaabbatu dabalataan gosoota ummattoota kibba Itoophiyaas keessatti hirmaatanii jiru. Waldaan kun jalqaba waa'ee dhimmoota naannoo irratti kan socho'uu fi guddina kan jajjabeessu kan ture yoo ta'u, yeroo gabaabaa keessatti bilisummaa siyaasa fi aadaa Oromoo hundaaf falmuu jalqabe. Haaluma kanaan, bara 1967tti waldaan kun akka hin sochoone dhorkame; bara 1994tti waldaan kun lammata yoo dhaabbatu yeroo lammataaf bara 2004tti dhorkame.     

Gosoota Maccaa

Macci yeroo tuulama bira turetti yeroo wiirtuun isaanii Odaa nabee turetti ijoollee shan qaba, isaanis shanan Maccaa jedhamu. Shanan Maccaa kunis: Liiban, Jaawwii, Guduru, Daallee (Daadhii) fi Jiddaa Turan.

Erga achii gara dhiha oromiyatti imalee booda ilmaan 7(torba) horeera isaanis Jibaat, walal, Dhayee, Danfaa, Oboo, Laaloo, Gundee jedhamu. Walii galaan macci ilmaan 12 horeera. Ijoolleen Maccaa shanan eenyuun horan jennee yoo gaafannu:

·          Sadan Liiban – Ammayya, Waliso fi Kuttaaye.

·          Ja'an Jaawwii –Amuruu, Horro, Jimma, Ebantuu, Libaan fi Jidda.

·         Torban Guduruu – Maloolee,Looyyaa, Aammillee, Illaamuu, Lukkuu, Sirbaa fi Hndaraasa.

·         Torban Daallee (Daadhii) – Obo, Sayya, Sibuu, Tummee, Limmu, Noonnoo fi Daanno.

·         Arfan Jiddaa – Akaako, Jimma,Hanuu,Laaloo,Biloo,Qoree, Sadacha fi Badii.

·         Digo

Wabii: Wikipedia

OROMOO TUULAMAA

OROMOO TUULAMAA

Tuulamni latiinsa Oromoo damee Boorana hidda dhaloota Raayyaati. Ilmaan Raayyaa lamaan Maccaa fi Tuulamni kan dhalatan Tullu Eegduu irratti. Ilma hangafaa kan ta'e Tuulamni, lafa abbaa isaa Raayyaatti qubate.

Tuulama kibbaan Haroo Dambal haga kaabaan Walloo  fi Raayyaatti kan qubatee jiruudha. Bahaan Karrayyu haga Lixaan Walisoo qubate. yuulamni Godinoota Oromiyaa Shawaa Kibba Lixaa, Shawaa Lixaa, Godina Addaa Oromiyaa Naannoo Finfinnee, Shawaa Kaabaa fi Shawaa Bahaa keessa warra qubate. Godinoota naannoo Amaaraa Shawaa Kaabaa, Godina Oromiyaa fi Walloo Kibbaa keessa Oromoota Tuulamaa Doobbaa, Waayyuu, Laaloo, Maammaa, Geeraa, Gishee baasoo fi Warana, Liche, Alkoo Bar, Majatee, Sanbatee, Qawaati, Jillee fi Dhummuugaa kan jiraataniidha. Akkasuma Naannoo Tigraay keessas ni jiru.

Hidda Dhaloota Tuulamaa

Tuulama ilma Raayyaa ilma Marrawwa ilma Walaabu ilma Odaa ilma Nagawoo ilma Gurraacha ilma Saammalo ilma Boorana ilma Oromoo ilma Horooti. Horo Waaqatu uume. Hidda dhaloota gubbaa gadi yoo laakkawamu akka armaan gadiiti.

·         Horo

·         Oromoo

·         Boorana

·         Saammalo

·         Gurraacha

·         Nagawoo

·         Odaa

·         Walaabu

·         Marrawwa

·         Raayyaa

o   Tuulama

o   Macca

Latiinsa Tuulamaa

Ilmaan Tuulama sadaniif isaan boodaa.

·         Tuulama

1.     Daaccii

§  Galaan

§  Jidda

§  Liiban

§  Aabbu

§  Ada'a

§  Warra Jaarsaa

§  Gaadulla

§  Oboo

§  Gimbichuu

§  Gullallee

§  Oborii

§  Yaayyaa

§  Eekka

§  Digalu

§  Gamu

§  Sooddo

§  Oditu

§  Liiban

§  Tum'e

2.    Bacho

§  Iluu

§  Meettaa

§  Waajitu

§  Garasuu

§  Keekku

§  Uru

3.    Jiille

§  Goona

§  Guusa

§  Looyya

§  Warre

§  Siiba

§  Gindo

Wabii: Seenaa Oromoo hanga jaarraa 16ffaa; Fuula: 130

Suuraa: BBC Afaan Oromoo