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Arabica and Robusta are two of the most widely cultivated species of coffee beans, and they have several key differences. Here are five important distinctions between Arabica and Robusta coffee beans: 

1. Flavor Profile:
- Arabica: Arabica beans are known for their more complex and nuanced flavor profiles. They often have a wider range of flavors, including floral, fruity, and acidic notes. Arabica coffee is generally considered to have a milder, smoother taste with a well-balanced acidity.
- Robusta: Robusta beans tend to have a stronger, harsher, and more bitter taste compared to Arabica. They often feature earthy, woody, or nutty flavors and are noted for their high caffeine content. Robusta coffee can be described as more robust but less nuanced in flavor.
2. Caffeine Content:
- Arabica: Arabica coffee beans typically contain less caffeine than Robusta beans. Arabica coffee generally has about 1-1.5% caffeine content.
- Robusta: Robusta beans are known for their higher caffeine content, averaging around 2.2-2.7%. This higher caffeine level contributes to their more bitter taste.
3. Growing Conditions:
- Arabica: Arabica coffee plants thrive at higher altitudes, typically between 2,000 to 6,000 feet (600 to 1,800 meters) above sea level. They require cooler temperatures and more specific growing conditions, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases.
- Robusta: Robusta coffee plants are hardier and can grow at lower altitudes, often ranging from sea level to 2,000 feet (0 to 600 meters). They are more disease-resistant and can tolerate higher temperatures.
4. Bean Shape:
- Arabica: Arabica coffee beans are oval-shaped with a curved crease on one side. They have a smoother appearance and are often considered more aesthetically pleasing.
- Robusta: Robusta beans are more round and have a straighter, flatter crease on one side. They tend to look less uniform and are considered less attractive.
5. Geographic Distribution:
- Arabica: Arabica coffee is typically grown in higher-altitude regions with milder climates. It is often associated with countries like Ethiopia, Colombia, Kenya, and Brazil.
- Robusta: Robusta coffee is primarily grown in lower-altitude regions with warmer climates. Major Robusta-producing countries include Vietnam, Uganda, and parts of Southeast Asia.
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