Tarsiimoo Buufata Galaanaa Daangaa Qaxxaamuraa Dhaqqabuuf

Tarsiimoo Buufata Galaanaa Daangaa Qaxxaamuraa Dhaqqabuuf

Bu’uura Tarkaanfiiwwan Kudhan Qabu

Axereeraa

Axereeraan kun biyyi buufata galaanaa hin qabne biyya biraa keessatti kan ofii ishee hundeessuuf ykn argachuuf mala tarkaanfii hunda galeessa ta’e kurnan ibsa. Tarsiimoon kun hariiroo dippilomaasii cimaa guddisuu, marii biyyoota lamaanii irratti bobba’uudhaan kan jalqabu yoo ta’u, tumsa idil-addunyaa karaa raggaasifamaatiin xumurama. Qaamonni ijoo waliigalteewwan seeraa waliin marii bal’aa, sababoota dinagdee, fi yaaddoo nageenyaa, danbiiwwanii fi naannoo furuu kan dabalatudha. Invastimantii bu’uuraalee misoomaa, deeggarsa ummataa duula hubannoo uumuu, fi karoora yeroo dheeraa itti fufiinsa qabu qaamolee murteessoodha. Axereerichi bu’uura waliigalaa fi tarsiimoo cimsee kan ibsu yoo ta’u, biyyoota damee galaanaa keessatti wal-ta’iinsa walfayyaduu fi waaraa ta’e mirkaneessuuf seera bu’uuraa dippilomaasii, seeraa, dinagdee fi itti fufiinsa qabu kan walsimsiisudha.

Seensa

Bara walitti hidhamiinsi galaanaa daldala addunyaa fi guddina dinagdee keessatti gahee olaanaa qabu kanatti, qajeelfamni bal’aan kun biyyoota buufata galaanaa mataa isaanii hin qabnee fi biyya biraa keessatti hundeessuuf ykn argachuu barbaadaniif karoora tarsiimoo ni mul’isa. Tarkaanfiiwwan kudhan kanneen haala walxaxaa ta’een qophaa’an keessa kan lixu yoo ta’u, bu’uurri kun dameewwan dippilomaasii, walxaxiinsa seeraa, sababa dinagdee fi gochaalee itti fufiinsa qaban keessa kan seenudha. Hariiroo dippilomaasii cimaa guddisuu irraa kaasee hanga yaaddoo naannoo furuutti, tarkaanfiin tokkoon tokkoon isaa tumsa wal-xaxaa fi wal-fayyadu mirkaneessuuf of eeggannoodhaan kan qophaa’edha. Pilaaniin kun mala waliigalaa hariiroo idil-addunyaa, yaada dinagdee fi bulchiinsa naannoo walsimsiisu cimsee, qaqqabummaa galaanaa bu’a qabeessa ta’e hordofuu keessatti biyyoota walta’iinsa bara dheeraa uumuuf kaayyeffataniif akka kaartaa daandii ta’ee tajaajila.

Buufata galaanaa argachuun ykn hundeessuun marii, waliigaltee fi ilaalcha walxaxaa biyyoota gidduutti taasifamu of keessaa qaba. Biyyi buufata galaanaa mataa ishee hin qabne tokko buufata galaanaa biyya biraa argachuuf ykn hundeessuuf tarkaanfiiwwan waliigalaa tokko tokko kunooti:

1. Hariiroo Dippilomaasii:

Biyya buufata galaanaa kana qabdu waliin hariiroo dippilomaasii uumuu ykn cimsuu. Kunis mootummoota biyyoota lamaanii gidduutti qunnamtii fi marii ifa ta’e kan of keessatti hammatedha.

• üKaraalee dippilomaasii diriirsuu: Marii dippilomaasii karaa Imbaasii, qoonsilaa, ykn bakka bu’oota ofiisaaniitiin jalqabuu.
• ü Marii biyyoota lamaanii: Qondaaltota mootummaa gidduutti marii sadarkaa olaanaa irratti bobba’uun fedhii buufata galaanaa argachuu ykn hundeessuuf qaban ibsuu.

 

2. Marii fi Waliigaltee:

Haalawwan itti fayyadama buufata galaanaa irratti waliigaltee irra ga’uuf marii irratti bobba’uu. Kunis waliigaltee liizii, walta’iinsa, ykn qophii biroo haalawwan qaqqabummaa, kaffaltii fi itti gaafatamummaa ibsan dabalatee ta’uu danda’a.

• üHaala qaqqabummaa: Yeroo turtii, mirga itti fayyadamaa, kaffaltii, fi qophii galii qoodu kamiyyuu dabalatee haalawwan qaqqabummaa ni ibsu.
• ü Waliigaltee seeraa: Waliigaltee seeraa bal’aa ta’e wixineessuun hubannoo sana sirnaan akka ta’u gochuun, qaamoleen lamaan haalawwan seeraan akka hidhaman mirkaneessuu.

 

3. Faayidaawwan Diinagdee fi Daldalaa:

Faayidaa dinagdee fi daldalaa biyyoota lamaaniif qabu calaqqisiisa. Qindoominni kun daldala dabaluu, guddina dinagdee fi wal-misoomsuu akkamitti gumaachuu akka danda’u cimsa.

• ü Xiinxala gabaa: Xiinxala faayidaa dinagdee gadi fageenya qabu dhiyeessuun, daballii daldalaa, carraa hojii uumuu, fi guddina dinagdee irratti mul’achuu danda’u agarsiisuu.
• ü Faayidaa waliinii: Waliigaltichi biyyoota lamaan akkamitti akka fayyadu ibsuu, qajeelfama wal ta’insaa fi guddina waliinii cimsuu.

 

4. Invastimantii Bu’uuraalee misoomaa:

Buufatni galaanaa kun guddina ykn fooyya’iinsa yoo barbaade, biyyi qaqqabummaa barbaaddu bu’uuraalee buufata doonii kanaa irratti invastimantii gochuuf yaaduu dandeessi. Kunis babal’isuu, ammayyeessuu ykn fooyya’iinsa biroo maallaqaan gargaaruu kan dabalatu ta’uu danda’a.

• üMadaallii buufata doonii: Bu’uuraalee buufata doonii jiran irratti madaallii gadi-fagoo gaggeessuu, naannoowwan invastimantii ykn fooyya’iinsa barbaadan adda baasuu.
• üKaroora invastimantii: Karoora tarsiimoo invastimantii bu’uuraalee misoomaa guddisuu fi ammayyeessuuf barbaachisu ibsu qopheessuu.

 

5. Bu’uura Seeraa:

Itti fayyadama buufata galaanaa bulchuuf bu’uurri seeraa akka diriiru ni taasisa. Kunis qophii sana keessummeessuuf waliigalteewwanii fi dambiiwwan seeraa uumuu ykn fooyyessuu kan dabalatu ta’uu danda’a.

• ü Walsimsiisa danbiiwwanii: Qophii yaadame kanaaf haala mijeessuuf bu’uuraaleen seeraa fi danbiiwwan biyyoota lamaanii akka walsimsiisan ni taasisa.
• üMirkaneessa walsimannaa: Biyyi qaqqabummaa barbaaddu seera idil-addunyaa fi biyya keessaa sochii galaanaa bulchan hunda akka eegdu mirkaneessa kennuu.

 

6. Nageenyaa fi Dambii Kabajuu:

Yaaddoo nageenyaa furuu fi dambiiwwan galaanaa idil-addunyaa akka kabajaman mirkaneessuu. Kunis hojiin buufata doonii haala gaariin akka hojjetuu fi amantaa biyya buufata galaanaa kana qabdu argachuuf murteessaadha.

• üTarkaanfiiwwan nageenyaa: Yaaddoowwan kisaaraa ykn balaa dhufuu danda’an waliin walqabatan furuuf tarkaanfiiwwan nageenyaa wixineessuu fi hojiirra oolchuu.
• üDambiiwwan kabajuu: Dambiiwwan galaanaa idil-addunyaa kabajuuf kutannoo qabaachuu agarsiisuu, hojiin nageenya qabuu fi walsimatu mirkaneessuu.

7. Haala naannoo Yaada Keessa Galchuu:

Yaaddoo naannoo sochii buufata doonii waliin walqabatee jiru kamiyyuu furuu. Madaalliiwwan hiibbaa naannoo barbaachisuu danda’u, dhiibbaa hamaa xiqqeessuufis tarkaanfiiwwan fudhatamuu qabu.

• ü  Madaallii dhiibbaa naannoo: Yaaddoo naannoo mudachuu danda’u adda baasuu fi furuuf madaallii dhiibbaa naannoo gadi fageenya qabu gaggeessuu.
• ü  Tarkaanfiiwwan salphisuu: Tarkaanfiiwwan dhiibbaa naannoo xiqqeessuu danda’an hojiirra oolchuu, tarii gochaalee fi teeknooloojiiwwan itti fufiinsa qaban dabalatee.

 

8. Deeggarsa Ummataa:

Biyyoota lamaan keessatti jalqabbii kanaaf deeggarsi ummataa akka jiraatu gochuu. Kunis faayidaa qophii kanaa ummataaf beeksisuu fi yaaddoo kamiyyuu furuu kan dabalatu ta’uu danda’a.

• ü Duula hubannoo hawaasaa: Biyyoota lamaan keessatti duula hubannoo hawaasaa gaggeessuun faayidaa waliigaltee buufata galaanaa lammiilee beeksisuu.
• ü  Yaaddoo furuu: Yaaddoo ummataa kamiyyuu furuu, odeeffannoo ifaafi iftoomina qabu kennuudhaan deeggarsa jalqabbii ijaaruuf.

 

9. Karoora Yeroo Dheeraa:

Itti fayyadama buufata galaanaatiif karoora yeroo dheeraa qopheessuu, akkasumas, guddina dinagdee fi itti fufiinsa biyyoota lamaaniif akkamitti gumaacha akka qabu ibsuu.

• ü  Misooma itti fufiinsa qabu: Karoora yeroo dheeraa keessatti qajeeltoowwan misooma itti fufiinsa qaban hammachuu, buufanni galaanaa uwwisa dinagdee fi hawaasummaa biyyoota lamaaniif gumaacha gaarii akka qabu mirkaneessuu.
• ü Karoora tasaa: Qormaata hin eegamne furuu fi buufata galaanaa yeroo dheeraaf jiraachuu akka danda’u gochuuf karoora tasaa qopheessuu.

 

10. Tumsa Idil-addunyaa:

Dhaabbilee idil-addunyaa ykn biyyoota biroo tasgabbii naannoo, tumsa dinagdee ykn misooma galaanaa guddisuuf fedhii qabaachuu danda’an irraa deeggarsa barbaaduu.

• ü  Walta’iinsa naannoo: Dhaabbilee naannoo ykn biyyoota ollaa tumsa dinagdee fi tasgabbii guddisuuf fedhii qabaachuu danda’an irraa deeggarsa barbaaduu.
• ü Deeggarsa idil-addunyaa: Amanamummaa fi seera qabeessummaa waliigaltee sanaa cimsuuf qaamolee ykn dhaabbilee idil-addunyaa dhimmi ilaallatu irraa deeggarsa argachuu.

 

Tokkoon tokkoon dhimmoota olitti caqasaman kunniin adda adda ta'uu isaanii fi milkaa'inni tattaaffii akkasii haala addaa, fedhii biyyoonni lamaan tumsuuf qaban, fi dhimmoota ji'oopoolitikaa fi dinagdee adda addaa irratti hundaa'u ta’uu hubachuun barbaachisaadha. Dabalataanis, bu’uuraaleen seeraa fi danbii garaagarummaa qabaachuu waan danda’aniif gorsa seeraa fi ogummaa hariiroo idil-addunyaa barbaaduun gaariidha.

Tokkoon tokkoon tarkaanfiiwwan kanaa of eeggannoodhaan ilaaluu, walqunnamtii bu’a qabeessaa fi tumsa qaamolee dhimmi ilaallatu gidduu jiru barbaadu. Bu’aa milkaa’aa argachuuf mala haala addaa fi dantaa biyyoota lamaanii wajjin walsimuun barbaachisaa dha. Dabalataanis, ogummaan seeraa fi galteen qooda fudhattoota dhimmi ilaallatu irraa argamu adeemsa kana hunda keessatti murteessaadha.

 

Goolaba

Karoorri tarsiimoo tarkaanfii kudhan qabu kun biyyoota walxaxiinsa buufata galaanaa daangaa biyya isaaniin alatti hundeessuu ykn argachuu barbaadaniif mala daayinamikii fi guutuu ta’e kan hammatedha. Faayidaa dippilomaasii, dandeettii seeraa, dursee ilaaluu dinagdee fi qajeeltoowwan itti fufiinsa qaban haala wal hin tuqneen walitti hidhuudhaan, bu’uurri kun wal ta’iinsa umrii dheeraa qabu guddisuuf bu’uura cimaa ta’a. Barbaachisummaan pilaanii kanaa barbaacha hatattamaa galaana irraa argachuu bira darbee kan babal’atudha; qajeeltoowwan bal’aa wal ta’iinsa idil-addunyaa, bulchiinsa itti gaafatamummaa qabuu fi karoora tarsiimoo ni hubachiisa. Addunyaa walitti hidhamiinsa qabu kan daldalli galaanaa humna dinagdee keessatti ijoo ta’e keessatti, qajeelfamni xumuraa kun biyyoota gama galaanaa keessatti wal-ta’insa dandamataa fi walfayyadu uumuuf hawwaniif akka qajeelfamaatti dhaabata.

Wabiiwwan:

1. International Relations Textbooks:

   - "Theories of International Relations" by Scott Burchill et al.

   - "International Relations: A Very Short Introduction" by Paul Wilkinson and Tim Dunne.

2. Diplomacy and Negotiation Resources:

   - "The Dynamics of Diplomacy" by Paul Sharp.

   - "The Art of Negotiation" by Michael Wheeler.

3. Maritime Law and Governance:

   - "The International Law of the Sea" by Donald R. Rothwell and Tim Stephens.

   - Relevant publications from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) or United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

4. Economic Diplomacy and Development:

   - "Economic Diplomacy: Essays and Reflections by Singapore's Negotiators" edited by S. Jayakumar and Tommy Koh.

   - Reports from international economic organizations such as the World Bank or International Monetary Fund (IMF).

5. Case Studies and Academic Journals:

   - Academic journals in the fields of international relations, diplomacy, and economic development often contain case studies and analyses that can provide deeper insights into specific situations.

PDF argachuuf: (1) Tarsiimoo Buufata Galaanaa Daangaa Qaxxaamuraa Dhaqqabuuf | Wolumaan Urgesa - Academia.edu

Strategic Blueprint for Cross-Border Seaport Access:

A Ten-Step Framework

Abstract

This abstract outline a comprehensive ten-step approach for a nation without a seaport to establish or gain access to one in another country. The strategy begins with fostering robust diplomatic relations, engaging in bilateral discussions, and culminates in international cooperation through endorsements. Key elements include detailed negotiations with legal agreements, economic justifications, and addressing security, regulatory, and environmental concerns. Infrastructure investment, public support through awareness campaigns, and long-term sustainable planning are integral components. The abstract emphasizes a holistic and strategic framework, synthesizing principles of diplomacy, law, economics, and sustainability to ensure a mutually beneficial and enduring collaboration between nations in the maritime domain.

Introduction

In an era where maritime connectivity plays a

pivotal role in global trade and economic development, this comprehensive guide unveils a strategic blueprint for nations without their own seaports seeking to establish or gain access to one in another country. Delving into ten intricately crafted steps, the framework navigates through the realms of diplomacy, legal intricacies, economic rationale, and sustainability practices. From fostering robust diplomatic relations to addressing environmental concerns, each step is meticulously designed to ensure a seamless and mutually beneficial collaboration. This blueprint serves as a roadmap for nations aiming to forge enduring partnerships, emphasizing a holistic approach that harmonizes international relations, economic considerations, and environmental stewardship in the pursuit of effective maritime access.

Acquiring or establishing a seaport involves complex negotiations, agreements, and considerations between countries. Here are some general steps a country without its own seaport might take to gain access to or establish a seaport in another country:

1.    Diplomatic Relations:

Establish or strengthen diplomatic relations with the country that owns the seaport. This involves open communication and negotiation between the governments of both countries.

• Establish diplomatic channels: Initiate diplomatic discussions through embassies, consulates, or official representatives.
• Bilateral talks: Engage in high-level talks between government officials to express the interest in acquiring access to or establishing a seaport.

2.   Negotiation and Agreements:

Engage in negotiations to reach agreements on the terms and conditions of using the seaport. This may include lease agreements, joint ventures, or other arrangements specifying the terms of access, fees, and responsibilities.

• Terms of access: Define the terms of access, including the duration, usage rights, fees, and any revenue-sharing arrangements.
• Legal agreements: Draft comprehensive legal agreements to formalize the understanding, ensuring that both parties are legally bound by the terms.

3.   Economic and Trade Benefits:

Highlight the economic and trade benefits for both countries. Emphasize how the arrangement could contribute to increased trade, economic growth, and mutual development.

• ü  Market analysis: Present a thorough analysis of the economic benefits, showcasing potential increases in trade, job creation, and economic growth.
• üMutual advantages: Highlight how the agreement will benefit both countries, emphasizing the principle of mutual cooperation and development.

4.   Infrastructure Investment:

If the seaport requires development or improvements, the country seeking access might consider investing in the port's infrastructure. This could involve funding expansions, modernizations, or other enhancements.

• ü  Port assessment: Conduct a detailed assessment of the existing port infrastructure, identifying areas that require investment or improvement.
• ü  Investment plan: Develop a strategic plan outlining the investment required for infrastructure development and modernization.

5.   Legal Framework:

Ensure that the legal framework is established to govern the use of the seaport. This may involve creating or amending legal agreements and regulations to accommodate the arrangement.

• ü  Regulatory alignment: Ensure that the legal and regulatory frameworks of both countries align to facilitate the proposed arrangement.
• ü  Compliance assurance: Provide assurances that the country seeking access will comply with all international and local laws governing maritime activities.

6.   Security and Regulatory Compliance:

Address security concerns and ensure compliance with international maritime regulations. This is crucial for the smooth operation of the port and to gain the trust of the country owning the seaport.

• ü  Security measures: Propose and implement security measures to address concerns related to potential threats or risks.
• ü  Regulatory adherence: Demonstrate a commitment to adhering to international maritime regulations, ensuring a secure and compliant operation.

7.   Environmental Considerations:

Address any environmental concerns associated with port activities. Environmental impact assessments may be required, and measures should be taken to minimize negative effects.

• ü  Environmental impact assessment: Conduct a thorough environmental impact assessment (EIA) to identify and address potential environmental concerns.
• ü  Mitigation measures: Implement measures to minimize the environmental impact, possibly including sustainable practices and technologies.

8.   Public Support:

Ensure that there is public support for the initiative within both countries. This may involve communicating the benefits of the arrangement to the public and addressing any concerns.

• ü  Public awareness campaigns: Conduct public awareness campaigns in both countries to inform citizens about the benefits of the seaport agreement.
• ü  Address concerns: Address any public concerns, providing clear and transparent information to build support for the initiative.

9.   Long-Term Planning:

Develop a long-term plan for the use of the seaport, outlining how it will contribute to the economic development and sustainability of both countries.

• ü  Sustainable development: Incorporate principles of sustainable development into the long-term plan, ensuring the seaport contributes positively to the economic and social fabric of both countries.
• ü  Contingency planning: Develop contingency plans to address unforeseen challenges and ensure the long-term viability of the seaport.

 

10.  International Cooperation:

Seek support from international organizations or other countries that may have an interest in promoting regional stability, economic cooperation, or maritime development.

• ü  Regional collaboration: Seek support from regional organizations or neighboring countries that may have an interest in promoting economic cooperation and stability.
• ü  International endorsements: Gain endorsements from relevant international bodies or organizations to strengthen the credibility and legitimacy of the agreement.

It's important to note that each case is unique, and the success of such endeavors depends on the specific circumstances, the willingness of both countries to collaborate, and various geopolitical and economic factors. Additionally, legal and regulatory frameworks may vary, so seeking legal advice and expertise in international relations is advisable.

Each of these steps requires careful consideration, effective communication, and collaboration between the involved parties. Tailoring the approach to the specific circumstances and the interests of both countries is essential for a successful outcome. Additionally, legal expertise and input from relevant stakeholders are crucial throughout the process.

Conclusion

The outlined ten-step strategic blueprint encapsulates a dynamic and holistic approach for nations navigating the complexities of establishing or gaining access to seaports abroad. By seamlessly intertwining diplomatic finesse, legal acumen, economic foresight, and sustainability principles, this framework provides a robust foundation for fostering enduring collaborations. The significance of this blueprint extends beyond the immediate quest for maritime access; it underscores the broader principles of international cooperation, responsible governance, and strategic planning. In an interconnected world where maritime trade is a linchpin of economic vitality, this conclusive roadmap stands as a guidepost for nations aspiring to forge resilient and mutually beneficial partnerships in the maritime domain.

References:

1. International Relations Textbooks:

   - "Theories of International Relations" by Scott Burchill et al.

   - "International Relations: A Very Short Introduction" by Paul Wilkinson and Tim Dunne.

2. Diplomacy and Negotiation Resources:

   - "The Dynamics of Diplomacy" by Paul Sharp.

   - "The Art of Negotiation" by Michael Wheeler.

3. Maritime Law and Governance:

   - "The International Law of the Sea" by Donald R. Rothwell and Tim Stephens.

   - Relevant publications from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) or United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

4. Economic Diplomacy and Development:

   - "Economic Diplomacy: Essays and Reflections by Singapore's Negotiators" edited by S. Jayakumar and Tommy Koh.

   - Reports from international economic organizations such as the World Bank or International Monetary Fund (IMF).

5. Case Studies and Academic Journals:

   - Academic journals in the fields of international relations, diplomacy, and economic development often contain case studies and analyses that can provide deeper insights into specific situations.

 Download PDF here:  (1) Strategic Blueprint for Cross-Border Seaport Access | Wolumaan Urgesa - Academia.edu

For people who make too many promises

Amazing creative!

Don't make too many promises, coz too much saying 'Yes' means saying 'No' in itself.

yes yes yes yesyes

yesyes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

yes yesyes yes yes

yes yesye yes yes

yes yes yesyes

For people who make too many promises

Humna Jaalala Dhugaa

Humna Jaalala Dhugaa 

"Haati manaa kee erga duutee waggaa 15 ta'eera, Ati garuu hanga ammaa dubartii biraa hin fuudhin jirta. Maaliif hin fuutuu?" Jedhamee gaafatame. Innis," nama akka ishee hin arganne, hin jirus," jedhee deebiseef. Ammas " Maali akkamitti namni dhabamaa Dubartiin guutteemi!" jedhamnaan...

Mee yeroo tokko waan isheen jetten siif hima... Wal dhabnee itti aaren, 'sin barbaadu kan Kee na ga'ee narraa gara maatii keetti deebi'in' jedheenin, "tole" jettee deemtee.. achumaan. "Torban tokko booda baayyeen ishee yaade! Ishee fiduuf murteesseen gara mana maatii ishee dhaqe! Balbala rurukkute Kan naaf bante isheedha!"
Yommuus...
Utaaltee morma kootti maramuun na hammachaa gurra kootti hasaasaa " Abbaan manaakoo hojiif lafa fagoo deemera, hanga inni deebi'utti carraa kanatti fayyadameen isin gaafachuu dhufe" jedheenin jira waan ta'eef maatii kootti homaa hin dubbatiin" naan jette. Qalbifattanii, Lamaanuu rakkina yerootiin sakaalamanii jaalalarraa adda hin kunne. Innis "aariikoo sababa godhattee na dhiistee deemte" hin jenne. Isheenis " har'a jaalalli dhumnaan na ari'e" jettee icciitii mana isaanii qilleensaaf hin kennine. Jaalalli dhugaan akkana.

Gaafan si waliin jiraadhu

 Gaafan si waliin jiraadhu

Aangoo Waaqaa narra keessa

Innimmoo

Na hunukuree na fageessa

Hennasan...

Tolan sii ulfaa'a

Ammuman sii da'a!

Ammuman siif du'a

Ammuman siif ka'a!

Ammoo.....

Ammuma na hiita

Ammuma na hiikta

Amma na gadhiistee

Amma natti fiigda

Amma na dhukkubda

Amma na utubda

Amman siif dhibama

Amman siin dhiqama

Amma mirga baatta

Ammuma dirqama.

Amma na deemsifta

Amma na deebifta

Hennas

Amma nyaadheen amma sooma

Ama qarameen amma dooma

Amma jiraadheen amma du'a

Amma muudameen amma bu'a

Oh...Atii...

Hin argamnee na laalchista

Hin yaadamnee na yaachisata

Hin nyaatamnee na nyaachista

Hin baatamnee na baachista

Garuu maaliif

Gola Waaqaaf lafaa hunda na laalchista?

Dhugaa natti laattee dubbii na doorsista?

Maaliif?

DaaBee.

By Daraartuu Beekaa

Balcha Safo (Abbaa Nabsoo)

Dejazmach Balcha Aba Nefso

Dejazmach Balcha Safo (1863 - 6 November 1936), popularly referred to by his "horse-name" Balcha Aba Nefso, was an accomplished Ethiopian military commander, who served in both the First and Second Italo-Ethiopian Wars.

Although he came from a non-aristocratic background, he was made a dejazmach. Balcha also became a provincial Governor (Shum), and eventually became a key member of the conservative provincial elite who, in the 1920s, were often at odds with the modernizing reforms and rising power of the Regent, Ras Tafari Makonnen (later Emperor Haile Selassie I).

Tafari would force Dejazmach Balcha into retirement, albeit an honorable one, in 1928, from which he would emerge in 1935 to fight the Fascist invaders, by whom he was killed in 1936.

Early Life

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Balcha was found on a battlefield in Gurage land after having been emasculated, which at the time was the usual fate of defeated soldiers. He came to the notice of Emperor Menelik II, who brought him back to Addis Ababa where Balcha was educated.

Balcha is believed to be of Oromo descent; 'Balcha' means 'taming, assimilating or making familiar with' in Afaan Oromo. But there are also many Gurage people who use Oromo names because of their geographical assimilation with the Oromo.

He distinguished himself at the imperial court and showed particular skill in military exercises and theory. He made his reputation, according to oral tradition, in the Battle of Mek'ele, and later at the Battle of Adwa (March 1, 1896) and was rewarded with elevation to the aristocratic status of dejazmach.

From 1898 to 1908, Balcha was Shum of Sidamo province. After the death of Dejazmach Yilma Makonnen in 1907, he became the Shum of Harar from 1910 to 1914. From 1917 to 1928, he again served as Shum of Sidamo.

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Conflict with Haile Selassie

Soon after becoming king in 1928, Nigus Taffari recieved yet another challenge from the forces of conservatism. Dejazmatch Balcha Saffo, had briefly succeeded Dejazmatch Yilma Makonnen as governor of Harrar, but upon his replacement by the then Dejazmatch Taffari in 1910, he had been appointed Governor of the wealthy gold, ivory and coffee producing province of Sidamo.

Now he arrived in Addis Ababa from Sidamo with a very large number of well armed men. He had repeatedly refused the summons of the new King to come to the Capital, and only obeyed now because he had recieced a summons from the Empress.

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Dejazmatch Balcha and his army encamped at Nifas Silk, just outside the city, and the presence of Balcha's large Army was regarded as being a direct challenge to the king, in support of the Empress and the conservatives she supported.

On the second evening after his arrival, Dejazmatch Balcha and his leading officers were invited by King Taffari to come to the Imperial Palace for dinner. They arrived to find a fine feast prepared for them, and much to drink.

As the evening wore on, and Balcha's officers grew more and more intoxicated, they also grew more and more insulting to the king and his supporters as they sang songs as was customary.

When the Dejazmatch and his followers finally returned to Nifas Silk, they were stunned to find that his entire army had vanished. While they had been eating and drinking at the palace, Ras Kassa Hailu and several other officials had arrived at Nifas Silk with a bag of Silver Maria Theresa Thallers, and another bag of whips.

They announced to Balcha's army that a new governor, Ras Birru, had been appointed for Sidamo and that they were to report to him at once.

They were instructed to immediately accept payment in the silver coins, surrender their weapons and go home. The bag of whips was left in clear view to show what would happen to anyone who did not obey.

Within a short time, the soldiers had surrendered their weapons, recieved their payment and were headed back to their farms and families in the south. When Dejazmatch Balcha realized what had happened he fled to the Raguel Church on Mt. Entoto and rang the bell, a traditional plea for royal mercy in Ethiopia that monarchs were required to honor.

The King confined Balcha to a monastery, but did not punish him further.

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Death

When Italy invaded in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, Balcha Safo came out of retirement to fight against the Italians. Major Mesfin Seleshi, an agent of the imperial government in exile who was coordinating resistance in occupied Ethiopia, writes of his fate in a letter to Haile Selassie I thus:

"The enemy went as far as Gurage, where his Excellency Dejazmatch Balcha lives, and campaigned against him. The people betrayed him, and all his men were annihilated. He and two of his servants, three people all together, were surrounded. A white man came to him and asked, are you Dejazmatch Balcha? When he said yes I am, the white man said, surrender your arms, and untie your pistol [belt]. Dejazmatch Balcha said, 'I am not here to surrender my arms', and he killed the white man; then, he and his two servants died instantly without having much suffering."

Source: Balcha Safo — allaboutETHIO