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While the world sleeps, you build.
While others rest, you prepare.
That’s the mindset. That’s the mood. 💻🔥
The Cobra Effect and the Rat Effect are closely related ideas in economics and public policy. Both describe situations where well-intended incentives backfire, making the original problem worse.
Definition:
When a solution to a problem creates incentives that unintentionally encourage the very behavior it was meant to stop.
Origin story (colonial India):
British authorities offered a bounty for dead cobras to reduce their numbers.
People began breeding cobras to kill them for the reward.
When the program ended, breeders released the cobras.
Result: more cobras than before.
Key idea:
Poorly designed incentives change behavior in unexpected ways.
Modern examples:
Paying schools based only on test scores → teaching to the test or cheating
Paying per bug fixed → developers create unnecessary bugs
Traffic fines that are cheaper than parking → people treat fines as fees
Definition:
A broader term for reward systems that lead people to game the system, often by producing the problem being rewarded for solving.
Common story (varies by region):
Governments pay for dead rats to control infestations.
People begin breeding rats to collect rewards.
Ending the program releases rats → infestation worsens.
Key idea:
When rewards focus on outputs instead of outcomes, people optimize for the reward, not the goal.
| Aspect | Cobra Effect | Rat Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Specific historical example & concept | Broader behavioral pattern |
| Focus | Perverse incentives | System gaming |
| Use | Policy & economics | Policy, management, organizations |
| Relationship | A classic example | Generalization of the same problem |
👉 All cobra effects are rat effects, but not all rat effects are cobra effects.
Measure outcomes, not just outputs
Anticipate how people might game incentives
Use multiple metrics, not a single reward signal
Pilot programs before scaling
Include behavioral and cultural analysis
I wrote a letter meant for you,
Yet found no dove to bear my heart.
Other birds offered their wings,
But trust refused to follow them.
To fly and rest beside your soul,
The distance stands too wide, too far.
To speak my love aloud to you,
I tremble at the watching eyes.
What, then, is the solution?
💜🔥
I still remember the toughest moment between graduating and landing my first job. It took me three months to find employment, but those months felt like three years. Every day came with costs—transportation, food, house rent, and making copies of my CV. You feel embarrassed asking your family for money, even though you’ve already graduated and are supposed to be independent.
Sometimes, you need experience to get hired, but no one hires without it. You try freelancing to build a portfolio, but clients ask for previous projects you don’t have.
Time flies. Soon, the next batch graduates, and suddenly your CV and credentials feel “expired,” and you feel almost retired without ever getting hired. I hope many of us have felt this same pain.
Frustrating? Absolutely. But these moments teach powerful lessons:
USA: CareerOneStop, Goodwill Industries
UK: National Careers Service, Jobcentre Plus
Germany: Bundesagentur für Arbeit (Federal Employment Agency)
Canada: Service Canada / Job Bank, YMCA Employment Services
Australia: JobActive
Remember: Catch-22s aren’t walls—they’re puzzles waiting for the right move.
Some things can’t be rushed. You can’t just put growth in a microwave oven and expect perfection.
Whether it’s learning a new skill, building a career, or developing a project, trying to force it usually backfires. Real progress takes patience, effort, and time.
💡Lesson: Give yourself the time to grow because good things don’t happen overnight.
We, as human beings, are faultfinders by nature. Sometimes we blow small stuff out of proportion—we try to make a storm in a teacup. Some problems are tiny, yet we turn them into mountains and even blame someone for them.
Dear comrade, relax, keep it simple, save your energy for the big picture, and move on.
💡 Takeaway: Focus on what truly matters, not the little things.
Not everything that looks shiny is actually safe. Some wins? They’re just burning ice.
It reminded me of the Oromos' idiom: “Heeruma dharraanee, heerumnaan rarraane.”
Meaning: We over-wished for marriage; we were overwhelmed later after marriage.
Take a closer look before celebrating too soon. You might be holding something that’ll hurt later.
💡Takeaway: Don’t just chase the shine. Focus on what really matters.
1. ChatGPT (https://www.chatgpt.com/) - Overall performance
2. Gemini (https://bard.google.com/) - Creative prompts
3. Microsoft Bing AI (https://www.bing.com/new) - Online searches
3. Perplexity (https://perplexity.ai/) - All in one AI with Internet search ability
4. Lyro (https://www.tidio.com/lyro/) - AI customer service
5. Drift (https://www.drift.com/solutions/ai-chatbots/) - Scheduling options
6. Ada (https://www.ada.cx/) - Multilingual support
7. Jasper Chat (https://www.jasper.ai/chat) - Written content creation
8. ChatSpot (https://chatspot.ai/) - Creating reports and analysis
9. DialogFlow (https://cloud.google.com/dialogflow) - Smooth connection with Google Cloud
10. Customers.ai (https://www.customers.ai/) - Social media communication
11. Snapchat My AI (https://newsroom.snap.com/say-hi-to-my-ai) - Speaking to AI on Snapchat
12. GitHub Copilot (https://github.com/features/copilot) - Code suggestions
13. Amazon CodeWhisperer (https://aws.amazon.com/codewhisperer/) - Coding autocomplete
14. Paradox (https://www.paradox.ai/) - Recruiting
15. Infeedo (https://infeedo.com/) - Anonymous chats for feedback
16. Wati (https://www.wati.io/) - WhatsApp customer service
17. MedWhat (https://medwhat.com/) - Virtual medical assistance
18. Kasisto (https://kasisto.com/) - Finance functionalities
19. Personal AI (https://www.personal.ai/) - Adapting to your communication style
20. Replika (https://replika.ai/) - Having a companion to talk to
🫧 Tags: #Tools #AI #LLM
🔒Windows 11 Password Reset (Dell Computer)
🔵 Before You Start:
A bootable Windows 11 USB is ready.
Insert USB into Dell PC.
Know which drive letter is Windows (usually C: or D:).
🔵 Step-by-Step:
1. Boot into USB:
Power on Dell.
Keep pressing F12.
Select USB device from boot menu.
2. Open Command Prompt:
At "Install Windows" screen, press Shift + F10.
3. Find Windows Drive Letter:
Type diskpart ➔ Enter.
Type list volume ➔ Enter.
Note which letter is Windows drive.
Type exit to leave diskpart.
4. Replace Accessibility Tool:
Type (replace C: with your Windows drive if needed):
move C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe
C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe.bak
copy C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe
C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe
5. Reboot Computer:
Close setup.
Restart PC.
Remove USB stick.
6. Reset Password:
On login screen, click "Accessibility" icon.
Command Prompt will open.
Type to list users:
net user
Reset password (replace Username):
net user Username 123456
7. Login:
Use new password (123456) to log in.
8. Restore Original Accessibility Tool (Optional):
After logging in, open Command Prompt (Admin).
Type:
copy C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe.bak
C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe
🎉 Done!
• Download Windows 10/11 ISO from Microsoft official
site.
• Create bootable USB using Rufus (or similar tool).
• Insert USB into locked computer.
• Power on and press the boot menu key:
• - Dell → F12
• - HP → Esc or F9
• - Lenovo → F12
• - Acer → F12
• - ASUS → Esc or F8
• Select the USB drive to boot.
• On "Install Windows" screen → Press Shift + F10 together.
• In Command Prompt, type:
• diskpart
• list volume
• Find the Windows drive letter (example: C:).
• Type exit to leave Diskpart.
• Type these two commands (replace C: with your
Windows drive):
• move
C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe.bak
• copy
C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe
• Close all windows and reboot.
• Remove USB when restarting.
• On login screen, click the Ease of Access
(Accessibility) icon.
• Command Prompt will open.
• To list all users, type:
• net user
• To reset password, type:
• net user
YourUsername NewPassword
• Use the new password you just set.
• After login, open Command Prompt as Admin.
• Type:
• copy
C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe.bak C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe
✅ Done! Password Reset Completed
Successfully. 🎉
[noun] A network authentication protocol that opens ports for network access when an organization authenticates a user's identity and authorizes them for access to the network.
[idiom] Expression that means somebody has a lot of things to do or to think about.
[noun] The process used to hide all but the relevant data about an object in order to reduce complexity and increase efficiency.
[adjective] Can be viewed/edited easily.
[noun] When an individual or department experiences consequences for their performance or actions.
[proper noun] A cloud computing service offered by Amazon.
[adjective] A feature that prevents fraudulent action from happening.
[adjective] Designed to detect and destroy computer viruses.
[noun] A program that performs a specific function.
[noun] The attitude a person has toward a project or activity.
[phrase] In the current state or situation.
[verb] To tell someone with confidence that something is true.
[noun] An official inspection of an organization's accounts or procedures. These are typically carried out by an external audit company.
[verb] To prove the identity of a person or device.
[noun] A piece of software that is invisible to the end user.
[noun] The main support structure of an organization.
[noun] A stored copy of digital data.
[noun] An undesirable or negative way of operation or behavior.
[noun] A system using the digits 0 and 1 to represent a letter, digit, or other character in a computer or other electronic device.
[verb] To stop something from happening.
[verb] To make something become unclear or less distinct.
[noun] The part of a computer network that has the least bandwidth available.
[noun] A software testing technique in which tests are designed to include representatives of boundary values in a range.
[noun] A weakness in a security system's defences.
[noun] A failure in a system.
[proper noun] A set of security measures for Spanning Tree Protocol-aware devices used for increasing this protocol's stability and security.
[noun] A set of instructions relating to a task.
[noun] Something which is already defined in a program or programming framework with a set of statements.
[phrase] An issue that is very important and cannot be ignored.
[phrase] The actions were unsuccessful.
[noun] When multiple words are used to form a variable, camel case joins those words together, without any white space, and indicates the start of each new word with an upper-case letter, e.g. Simple Variable (see also snake case).
[idiom] Unable to speak because somebody else is speaking.
[noun] The "negative energy" within the project environment team, or a measurement of how many customers stop using a product.
[noun] A secret way of writing so that others cannot read the message.
[verb] To make clear.
[noun] A part of a programming language used for defining objects, providing initial values for states and implementations of behavior.
[verb] To divide things into groups according to their type.
[noun] A legacy addressing protocol developed by ISO.
[noun] A legacy addressing protocol developed by ISO. Nowdays it's used only to implement ISI routing protocols, not for addressing hosts.
[noun] A computer environment that offers high scalability and accessibility.
[noun] The delivery of on-demand services and resources which are accessed remotely over the Internet.
[noun] Text-editing software used for editing the source code of computer programs.
[idiom] Become known to the public.
[verb] To suggest or think of something.
[proper noun] A way of interacting with a computer by using text input commands and receiving text output.
[noun] An operation which saves the latest changes of the source code to the repository.
[noun] A software oriented toward converting source code written in a programming language into machine code.
[noun] Following a set of rules or agreements.
[noun] The settings for a computer program.
[noun] The number of connections that can be simultaneously created to connect to a database.
[noun] A set of guidelines for a specific programming language that recommend programming style, practices, and methods for each aspect of a program written in that language.
[noun] Action taken to prevent something unwanted.
[noun] A type of security vulnerability found in some web applications.
[noun] A digital currency that has no physical form.
[noun] The secure communications techniques that allow only the sender and intended recipient of a message to view its contents.
[noun] A person who tries to find out more about a company's customers and their needs in order to offer a product/service which meets their expectations.
[noun] A moment in the user experience that stops a customer from buying or seeing the value of a product.
[noun] A set of unauthorized hostile actions toward a computer system.
[noun] The sharing of information that is considered relevant to a particular situation.
[noun] A condition created within a database or data storage technology in which the same piece of data is held in two separate places.
[verb] Make a coded message readable.
[noun] The keyword for defining a function.
[noun] A firewall security policy that prevents specific network traffic defined in it.
[noun] A functionality, library, or piece of code that's essential for a different part of the code to work.
[phrase] The process of publishing the content of a website to the Internet.
[noun] Customers who give feedback stating they are unhappy with a particular brand or have had a negative user experience.
[noun] An appliance that is a computer system or a part of one.
[noun] A protocol used in computer networking to dynamically provide end systems with confguration.
[noun] An issue that occurs in the diagnostic stage of software development.
[noun] A propietary feature developed by Cisco that allows the creation and removal of dynamic, secure tunnels between routers on-demand.
[idiom] Used when something achieves the desired result.
[proper noun] A hierarchical system used for resolving computers' human friendly names to numerical network addresses.
[noun] A high-level programming language where the type of variable is checked during runtime, such as Python or JavaScript.
[adjective] A fixed internal part of something.
[noun] A technique that allows the creator of a class to restrict what other programmers can do with it.
[verb] Make a message unreadable with a code.
[noun] A person who is intended to make use of something once it is completed.
[noun] A licensing scheme for software installed on end-user computers.
[verb] Make something better.
[proper noun] An interior gateway routing protocol developed by Cisco.
[noun] The most popular protocol covering the rules of communication for computers inside one network.
[noun] A step in which a project is assessed as systematically and objectively possible.
[noun] Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework frequently used in wireless networks and point-to-point connections. It provides some common functions and negotiation of authentication methods called EAP methods.
[noun] A security alert that wrongly indicates malicious activity.
[noun] Information discovered as a result of an investigation.
[noun] A system focused on security that controls incoming and outgoing traffic.
[noun] A piece of software that is visible to the end user.
[noun] A piece of software code that defines how to do something and can be reused.
[noun] A version of regression analysis when responses or covariates include functional data.
[noun] The purpose which something is designed for.
[idiom] To get a good and proper understanding of something.
[noun] A type of problem with a service or application which negatively impacts many users in various countries.
[idiom] Expression that means somebody makes an extra effort to complete a task more thoroughly.
[noun] Granularity refers to how much or how little a system is composed of various parts. A system with a lot of granularity is made up of many different parts, while a system with little granularity is made up of very few parts.
[verb] To promise something will be done or happen.
[verb] The process of finding and exploiting weaknesses in a computer system.
[noun] A person focused on finding and exploiting weaknesses in a computer system.
[idiom] Expression that means something that is difficult to understand, or a problem that is not easy to solve.
[noun] A language that enables development of a program in a more user-friendly programming context and is generally independent of the computer's hardware architecture.
[idiom] To get a lot of attention from the media.
[noun] The department of a company that deals with the hiring, administration, and training of staff.
[verb] To put something into action such as new policies.
[idiom] Expression that talks about a result that won’t happen immediately, but much later in the future.
[noun] Incremental Delivery means breaking large projects into the smallest possible units, which you release to your customers as soon as they are complete. By releasing small additions of value, you get customer feedback early and at every stage.
[noun] The physical and organizational systems that help a business to run.
[noun] A form of cloud computing that provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.
[noun] A process used to create classes that are built upon existing classes, to specify a new implementation while maintaining the same behaviors.
[noun] Any realized variation of an object.
[adjective] Not enough, inadequate.
[adjective] Not broken or damaged.
[noun] The process of bringing together various subsystems to create a unified system.
[proper noun] An interior gateway routing protocol developed by the ISO organization and used mostly by ISPs.
[noun] A computer program that executes code written in a programming language and does not require compilation.
[noun] An ID given to every device connected to a network.
[noun] A network that uses IPv4 as its addressing protocol (i. e. the Internet).
[proper noun] A general-purpose programming language that can run on any system.
[proper noun] A scripting programming language most commonly used on websites.
[idiom] Expression that means you should think about something before you act.
[noun] The central component of most operating systems.
[noun] A computer program that records every key pressed on a keyboard, and is normally used to get access to passwords and other confidential information.
[noun] A block of code that can be passed as an argument to a function call.
[idiom] Expression that means the last thing mentioned on the list is just as important as any of the things mentioned before it.
[noun] A problem taken to a law court by an ordinary person or an organization.
[noun] A network anomaly usually caused by human error that seriously disrupts normal operations of every device connected to it.
[noun] Any software that has been around for a long period of time, and may or may not still be in use.
[adjective] Destructive or harmful.
[noun] All the changes that happen to something.
[noun] A tool that analyzes source code looking for errors and potential problems.
[proper noun] A network under one administration usually covering small geographical area.
[noun] An issue that concerns a large group of users within the same region (e.g. all users who experience it are from the same country).
[noun] A record of a conversation or action, for example, the conversation between a customer support agent and a customer, or the record of the actions an application performs.
[noun] Binary code: a language composed of zeros and ones. A translation of source code that computers can understand.
[noun] A timeframe that usually covers several hours and is used by IT personnel to do tasks that will cause or pose a risk of services downtime.
[adjective] Wanting to do harm.
[noun] Software that is designed to do something that the user doesn't want.
[noun] An effect of the mathematical function MD5 operation.
[idiom] Expression that means to do the least amount of work required, and no more.
[noun/verb] The process of combining the various versions of a file or folder.
[noun] A version of a product with enough basic features to be usable for early customers who then provide feedback to help the development of the product.
[adjective] Copied or duplicated exactly.
[noun] When two people do not understand each other correctly.
[phrase] To reduce the chances of something bad happening.
[noun] The guaranteed total revenue generated by your business from all the active subscriptions in a particular month.
[noun] A set of signs that are used to identify and refer to objects of various kinds.
[noun] An NPS survey is a key indicator of customer satisfaction.
[noun] When one company provides voice, video, and data services, all inside the same network. Customers can have all their needs met by the same network, and do not need to look for alternatives. This allows them to focus on other tasks, such as growing their business.
[noun] How the elements of a network are arranged, or the structure of a network.
[noun] The product of a compiler. A sequence of statements or instructions in a computer language.
[noun/verb] A computer programming model that organizes software design around data or objects, rather than functions and logic.
[adjective] No longer produced or used.
[idiom] Expression that means someone is experiencing a period of success or good luck, or perhaps they have done several things that ended well or made a positive impact.
[phrase] Phrase that means as far as we are concerned.
[adjective] Already existing.
[adjective] At any time when someone wants or needs something.
[noun] The process of orienting and training a new employee.
[noun] Routing protocol feature that provides prefix grouping in order to make routing processes more efficient.
[noun] Source code that is free and open. Anybody can use it and modify it.
[noun] The most popular interior gateway routing protocol for IPv4 that scales very well.
[noun] A period of time when a service or piece of equipment is not available to use.
[noun] Result.
[noun] A unit of organizing the computer data that is used for its transportation. It is labelled with addressing information that allows routers to redirect it towards the destination.
[noun] A text phrase that is used for authentication of an individual when accessing a computer system.
[noun] A set of rules which are meant to guide and encourage users to create strong passwords and keep those passwords safe.
[noun] A patch is a set of changes to a computer program designed to update, fix, or improve it, for example, fixing security vulnerabilities.
[noun] A set of actions intended to find weakneses in a computer system.
[adjective] Sending messages to somebody to try to make them give up sensitive information.
[noun] A set of roles, policies, hardware, software and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption.
[noun] A cloud computing model where a third-party provider delivers hardware and software tools to users over the internet.
[noun] A concept in programming that refers to the ability of a variable, function, or object to take on multiple forms.
[noun] A shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it needs to be used.
[noun] Combining many IP addresses into one summary IP address.
[adjective] Need quick or immediate action.
[noun] Software that is owned by a private individual or organization.
[noun] A common set of rules.
[noun] The first version of a device or application, from which other versions are developed.
[idiom] To discover an exact reason for a problem or issue.
[proper noun] An interpreted high-level, general-purpose programming language.
[noun] A group who approves and signs off on quality, efficacy, and performance, consisting of a few members working to verify code created by a large number of developers.
[proper noun] A set of rules followed by the ethernet switches used to prevent layer 2 loops from happening. It's a faster version of a legacy protocol.
[noun] In IT, redundancy is when critical parts of a system are multiplied, in order to prevent the infrastructure from crashing. If one part of it crashes, the duplicate part will take over, and the user will not notice a change in the performance of the system.
[noun] The process of introducing changes to the project/program without changing its functionality very much.
[noun] Re-running functional and non-functional tests to ensure that previously developed and tested software still performs after a change.
[noun] A person or organization appointed by a government to control an area of activity such as banking or industry (using rules and regulations).
[adjective] Not enthusiastic about something.
[noun] The ability to access another person's computer from a different location.
[noun] A version of your project that is hosted on the Internet or network somewhere. You can have several of them, each of which generally is either read-only or read/write for you.
[verb] To reproduce; make an exact copy of something.
[noun] A central file storage location.
[proper noun] The department in an organization that is responsible for creating and testing new products and ideas.
[adjective] Do something in the opposite way.
[noun] A simple, but not easily scalable, distance vector, interior gateway routing protocol.
[noun] A process that involves evaluating the potential risks that could happen during a project or in a workplace.
[noun] A structured plan to achieve an objective.
[noun] A special function that is played by one of the Spanning Tree Protocol aware devices.
[noun] A security measure for Spanning Tree Protocol-aware devices used for increasing its stability.
[noun] A networking device used for sending packets towards their destination.
[proper noun] A dynamic, open source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity.
[verb] To finish a supply of something.
[idiom] Tell someone of an intended plan so they can give an opinion.
[noun] An isolated computer environment where potentially harmful incidents are allowed to happen.
[noun] A tool for experimenting with the code in a safe manner, without making changes to the live version.
[noun] The ability to easily increase the size or scale of a system.
[noun] Functions and features that characterize a product or service.
[noun] A term used when a project's original scope (objective) changes or goes over what was originally intended.
[noun] A temporary transfer of an employee from their normal position to another project or department.
[noun] A unique and secret ingredient that explains why a product is so popular.
[noun] When a variable declared within a certain scope has the same name as a variable declared in an outer scope.
[noun] A mathematical function used by link-state routing protocols for selecting the optimal path to every destination.
[noun] The first experience in a sofware system offered to a user in order to register.
[proper noun] A message sent by an SNMP monitored system to management station, usually informing of an important event.
[noun] Snake case joins two or more words together with an underscore to create a single word, e.g. simple_variable (see also camel case).
[noun] A small region of re-usable source code, machine code, or text. Brief extracts of text or speech, often a quotable passage.
[noun] A method of software delivery and licensing in which software is accessed online via a subscription, rather than bought and installed on individual computers.
[noun] The result of languages created and used by programmers.
[proper noun] A set of rules followed by the ethernet switches used to prevent layer 2 loops from happening.
[noun] A mathematical algorithm used in OSPF routing protocol for optimization.
[noun] A development team will break down large projects into manageable pieces and work to complete a set amount of work in a short period of time. This is known as a sprint.
[noun] Software with malicious behavior that aims to gather information about a person or organization and send it to another entity in a way that harms them.
[noun] A way to provide routers with routing information by issuing the commands manually.
[noun] A person with in-depth knowledge of a particular area of work, who gives advice to people who lack this knowledge.
[noun] The process of analyzing and approving potential suppliers.
[noun] All the businesses and contributors involved in creating a product.
[noun] A contract which states that one company will supply support services to another company.
[verb] To make an efffort to solve a problem or complete a difficult task.
[verb] Interfere with something in order to cause damage or make unauthorized alterations.
[noun] A person who values colleagues and plays or works well in a group.
[idiom] The overall idea or concept (not the specific details).
[phrase] The majority of something.
[idiom] Used to say that doing a certain thing will not cause problems.
[noun] An individual or a group of people that have a hostile attitude toward a computer system.
[noun] A timespan within which a desired action can happen.
[idiom] To agree with another person about a decision.
[idiom] When two or more people share a similar understanding of something, often used with humor. When they work well together, often involving the same thought process or opinions on something.
[phrase] Phrase that means to become calm.
[idiom] This means that somebody is trying to do something faster by ignoring some important things. You can do the job faster, but there will be problems later.
[phrase] To send a customer's issue to the next level of support.
[idiom] To keep someone aware of any new developments.
[phrase] To forget about something that you were expected to remember.
[noun] Term that is used to describe the revenue opportunity available for a product or service.
[verb] Analyze and solve a problem.
[proper noun] A Linux distribution based on Debian and composed mostly of free and open-source software.
[verb] To reduce the effectiveness of something, sometimes gradually and with obstructive intention.
[proper noun] A family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix.
[verb] To encourage someone strongly to do something.
[noun] Unshielded Twisted Pair cable, a low-cost cable used in networks.
[noun] User experience. This is the personal experience that a user has when using a product's interface.
[noun] Something that can vary, can be changed or adapted. A feature or characteristic that is not fixed or consistent with a pattern.
[noun] A company or manufacturer that sells a product or service.
[verb] To check that something is true or correct.
[noun] Private network built on top of public network to allow secure connections.
[noun] A piece of code that can copy itself and perform unwanted actions on a person's computer.
[noun] A weakness in a computer system.
[noun] Common name for a wireless network.
[noun] A network that consists of at least one access point device and allows wireless connections.
[noun] A vulnerability not widely known to the public.
Source: CISCO Networking Academy [https://www.netacad.com]
